查看“产品研发小组/临床医学/The sleep apnea syndromes”的源代码

{{文章推荐|Reason=本文首先提出了阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（OSA）的概念，系统的介绍了OSA的病理、症状以及研究历史，对可能的治疗手段进行了总结展望|Journal=Annual review of medicine|PubYear=1976|DOI=10.1146/annurev.me.27.020176.002341|Category_=综述|Domain=临床医学|RecomBy=姜明泽|RecomGrp=产品研发小组|ReviewBy=马伯志|Abstract=For many years pneumologists have conducted extensive studies of alveolar hypoventilation syndromes whose hallmarks are a combination of hypercapnia and alveolar hypoxemia. Nonspecific alveolar hypoventilation can occur secondary to  damaged respiratory centers in the brain, as seen in bulbar poliomyelitis (1), brain stem infarct (2, 3), bilateral cervical cordotomy (4), or the uncommon "primary" alveolar hypoventilation syndrome (Ondine's Curse syndrome), first reported by Severinghaus & Mitchell (5). A nonspecific alveolar hypoventilation can also be seen with drug intoxication (barbiturates and tranquilizers) (6) and with abnormalities of breathing apparatus, as in muscular dystrophy, kyphoscoliosis, Pierre Robin syndrome, obstructive lung disease, etc (7-10). During the 1950s another alveolar hypoventilation syndrome received much attention from respiratory specialists. This was the Pickwickian syndrome, a term coined by Sir William Osler (11) and classically described by Burwell et al (12). In its classic form the Pickwickian syndrome includes obesity, hypersomnolence, periodic breathing with hypoventilation, and cor pulmonale. Several variants have also been described, depending chiefly on the presence or absence of cardiovascular problems and alveolar hypoventilation during wakefulness. For example, Alexander IThis research was supported by National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Grant No. HD 08339, National Institute of Mental Health Grant No. MH 5804 to Dr. Dement, and bibliographic services of UCLA Brain Information Service.and his colleagues (13, 14) reported a "Joe" type of Pickwick ian syndrome characterized only by obesity and hypersomnolence. However, in contrast to the alveolar hypoventilation syndromes mentioned above, it was difficult to specify a common underlying physiopathology that would account for all the clinical symptoms and associations seen in the various "Pickwickian" syndromes.|DetaialsDM=睡眠呼吸障碍}}